A dual-chamber pacemaker contains how many electrodes?

A dual-chamber pacemaker is specifically designed to regulate the function of both the atria and the ventricles of the heart. This type of pacemaker requires two electrodes: one placed in the right atrium and the other in the right ventricle. By having two electrodes, the pacemaker can ensure that both chambers contract in a coordinated manner, which is essential for maintaining effective blood flow and overall heart rhythm.

The presence of these two electrodes allows the pacemaker to sense the electrical activity in both atria and ventricles and to stimulate them when necessary. This dual functionality helps to manage arrhythmias more effectively than a single-chamber pacemaker, which only has one electrode and can only stimulate either the atrium or the ventricle. The distinction in the capabilities of dual vs. single-chamber pacemakers highlights the importance of having the appropriate number of electrodes to meet the physiological needs of patients with specific cardiovascular issues.